windows-server

这段内容是审核时保存的快照。外部来源才是完整且最新的版本。

---
name: windows-server
description: Administer Windows Server systems. Manage IIS, Active Directory, and PowerShell automation. Use when administering Windows infrastructure.
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: devops-skills
  version: "1.0"
---

# Windows Server Administration

Windows Server management and PowerShell automation for production workloads including IIS web hosting, Active Directory domain services, and system maintenance.

## When to Use

- Provisioning or configuring Windows Server 2019/2022 instances
- Setting up IIS websites, application pools, and bindings
- Managing Active Directory users, groups, and Group Policy
- Automating administrative tasks with PowerShell
- Reviewing Windows Event Logs for troubleshooting
- Applying and managing Windows Updates on servers

## Prerequisites

- Administrator account on the target server
- PowerShell 5.1+ (built-in) or PowerShell 7+ installed
- Remote Desktop or WinRM access configured
- Windows Server 2019 or 2022 (Desktop Experience or Server Core)

## PowerShell Administration Essentials

```powershell
# Check PowerShell version
$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

# Get system information
Get-ComputerInfo | Select-Object CsName, OsName, OsVersion, OsArchitecture

# List running processes sorted by CPU
Get-Process | Sort-Object CPU -Descending | Select-Object -First 20

# List all services and their status
Get-Service | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq 'Running' }

# Restart a service
Restart-Service -Name W3SVC -Force

# Get disk space on all drives
Get-PSDrive -PSProvider FileSystem | Select-Object Name, @{N='Used(GB)';E={[math]::Round($_.Used/1GB,2)}}, @{N='Free(GB)';E={[math]::Round($_.Free/1GB,2)}}

# Check uptime
(Get-Date) - (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).LastBootUpTime

# Open firewall port
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "Allow HTTPS" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 443 -Action Allow

# List firewall rules
Get-NetFirewallRule | Where-Object { $_.Enabled -eq 'True' -and $_.Direction -eq 'Inbound' } | Select-Object DisplayName, Action

# Set DNS client server addresses
Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias "Ethernet" -ServerAddresses ("10.0.0.2","10.0.0.3")

# PowerShell remoting to another server
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName server02 -Credential (Get-Credential)

# Run a command on multiple remote servers
Invoke-Command -ComputerName server01,server02,server03 -ScriptBlock { Get-Service W3SVC }
```

## Server Roles and Features

```powershell
# List all available roles and features
Get-WindowsFeature

# Install IIS with management tools
Install-WindowsFeature -Name Web-Server -IncludeManagementTools -IncludeAllSubFeature

# Install Active Directory Domain Services
Install-WindowsFeature -Name AD-Domain-Services -IncludeManagementTools

# Install DNS Server
Install-WindowsFeature -Name DNS -IncludeManagementTools

# Install DHCP Server
Install-WindowsFeature -Name DHCP -IncludeManagementTools

# Install File Server with deduplication
Install-WindowsFeature -Name FS-FileServer, FS-Data-Deduplication

# List installed features only
Get-WindowsFeature | Where-Object Installed | Select-Object Name, InstallState

# Remove a feature
Uninstall-WindowsFeature -Name Telnet-Client
```

## IIS Web Server Setup

```powershell
# Import the IIS administration module
Import-Module WebAdministration

# Create a new application pool
New-WebAppPool -Name "ProductionPool"
Set-ItemProperty IIS:\AppPools\ProductionPool -Name processModel.identityType -Value 3  # NetworkService
Set-ItemProperty IIS:\AppPools\ProductionPool -Name managedRuntimeVersion -Value ""     # No managed code (reverse proxy)

# Create a new website
New-Website -Name "MyApp" `
  -Port 443 `
  -Protocol https `
  -PhysicalPath "C:\inetpub\myapp" `
  -ApplicationPool "ProductionPool" `
  -SslFlags 1

# Add an HTTP binding that redirects to HTTPS
New-WebBinding -Name "MyApp" -Protocol http -Port 80

# Bind an SSL certificate to the HTTPS site
$cert = Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\My | Wher