entra-app-registration

这段内容是审核时保存的快照。外部来源才是完整且最新的版本。

---
name: entra-app-registration
description: "Guides Microsoft Entra ID app registration, OAuth 2.0 authentication, and MSAL integration. USE FOR: create app registration, register Azure AD app, configure OAuth, set up authentication, add API permissions, generate service principal, MSAL example, console app auth, Entra ID setup, Azure AD authentication. DO NOT USE FOR: Key Vault secrets (use azure-keyvault-expiration-audit), general Azure resource security guidance."
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: Microsoft
  version: "1.2.1"
---

## Overview

Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory) is Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management service. App registrations allow applications to authenticate users and access Azure resources securely.

### Key Concepts

| Concept | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| **App Registration** | Configuration that allows an app to use Microsoft identity platform |
| **Application (Client) ID** | Unique identifier for your application |
| **Tenant ID** | Unique identifier for your Azure AD tenant/directory |
| **Client Secret** | Password for the application (confidential clients only) |
| **Redirect URI** | URL where authentication responses are sent |
| **API Permissions** | Access scopes your app requests |
| **Service Principal** | Identity created in your tenant when you register an app |

### Application Types

| Type | Use Case |
|------|----------|
| **Web Application** | Server-side apps, APIs |
| **Single Page App (SPA)** | JavaScript/React/Angular apps |
| **Mobile/Native App** | Desktop, mobile apps |
| **Daemon/Service** | Background services, APIs |

## Core Workflow

### Step 1: Register the Application

Create an app registration in the Azure portal or using Azure CLI.

**Portal Method:**
1. Navigate to Azure Portal → Microsoft Entra ID → App registrations
2. Click "New registration"
3. Provide name, supported account types, and redirect URI
4. Click "Register"

**CLI Method:** See [references/cli-commands.md](references/cli-commands.md)
**IaC Method:** See [references/BICEP-EXAMPLE.bicep](references/BICEP-EXAMPLE.bicep)

It's highly recommended to use the IaC to manage Entra app registration if you already use IaC in your project, need a scalable solution for managing lots of app registrations or need fine-grained audit history of the configuration changes. 

### Step 2: Configure Authentication

Set up authentication settings based on your application type.

- **Web Apps**: Add redirect URIs, enable ID tokens if needed
- **SPAs**: Add redirect URIs, enable implicit grant flow if necessary
- **Mobile/Desktop**: Use `http://localhost` or custom URI scheme
- **Services**: No redirect URI needed for client credentials flow

### Step 3: Configure API Permissions

Grant your application permission to access Microsoft APIs or your own APIs.

**Common Microsoft Graph Permissions:**
- `User.Read` - Read user profile
- `User.ReadWrite.All` - Read and write all users
- `Directory.Read.All` - Read directory data
- `Mail.Send` - Send mail as a user

**Details:** See [references/api-permissions.md](references/api-permissions.md)

### Step 4: Create Client Credentials (if needed)

For confidential client applications (web apps, services), create a client secret, certificate or federated identity credential.

**Client Secret:**
- Navigate to "Certificates & secrets"
- Create new client secret
- Copy the value immediately (only shown once)
- Store securely (Key Vault recommended)

**Certificate:** For production environments, use certificates instead of secrets for enhanced security. Upload certificate via "Certificates & secrets" section.

**Federated Identity Credential:** For dynamically authenticating the confidential client to Entra platform.

### Step 5: Implement OAuth Flow

Integrate the OAuth flow into your application code.

**See:**
- [references/oauth-flows.md](references/oauth-flows.md) - OAuth 2.0 flow details
- [references/console-app-example.md](referen