backend-development

这段内容是审核时保存的快照。外部来源才是完整且最新的版本。

---
name: backend-development
description: "Production backend systems development. Stack: Node.js/TypeScript, Python, Go, Rust | NestJS, FastAPI, Django, Express | PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis. Capabilities: REST/GraphQL/gRPC APIs, OAuth 2.1/JWT auth, OWASP security, microservices, caching, load balancing, Docker/K8s deployment. Actions: design, build, implement, secure, optimize, deploy, test APIs and services. Keywords: API design, REST, GraphQL, gRPC, authentication, OAuth, JWT, RBAC, database, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Redis, caching, microservices, Docker, Kubernetes, CI/CD, OWASP, security, performance, scalability, NestJS, FastAPI, Express, middleware, rate limiting. Use when: designing APIs, implementing auth/authz, optimizing queries, building microservices, securing endpoints, deploying containers, setting up CI/CD."
license: MIT
version: 1.0.0
---

# Backend Development Skill

Production-ready backend development with modern technologies, best practices, and proven patterns.

## When to Use

- Designing RESTful, GraphQL, or gRPC APIs
- Building authentication/authorization systems
- Optimizing database queries and schemas
- Implementing caching and performance optimization
- OWASP Top 10 security mitigation
- Designing scalable microservices
- Testing strategies (unit, integration, E2E)
- CI/CD pipelines and deployment
- Monitoring and debugging production systems

## Technology Selection Guide

**Languages:** Node.js/TypeScript (full-stack), Python (data/ML), Go (concurrency), Rust (performance)
**Frameworks:** NestJS, FastAPI, Django, Express, Gin
**Databases:** PostgreSQL (ACID), MongoDB (flexible schema), Redis (caching)
**APIs:** REST (simple), GraphQL (flexible), gRPC (performance)

See: `references/backend-technologies.md` for detailed comparisons

## Reference Navigation

**Core Technologies:**
- `backend-technologies.md` - Languages, frameworks, databases, message queues, ORMs
- `backend-api-design.md` - REST, GraphQL, gRPC patterns and best practices

**Security & Authentication:**
- `backend-security.md` - OWASP Top 10 2025, security best practices, input validation
- `backend-authentication.md` - OAuth 2.1, JWT, RBAC, MFA, session management

**Performance & Architecture:**
- `backend-performance.md` - Caching, query optimization, load balancing, scaling
- `backend-architecture.md` - Microservices, event-driven, CQRS, saga patterns

**Quality & Operations:**
- `backend-testing.md` - Testing strategies, frameworks, tools, CI/CD testing
- `backend-code-quality.md` - SOLID principles, design patterns, clean code
- `backend-devops.md` - Docker, Kubernetes, deployment strategies, monitoring
- `backend-debugging.md` - Debugging strategies, profiling, logging, production debugging
- `backend-mindset.md` - Problem-solving, architectural thinking, collaboration

## Key Best Practices (2025)

**Security:** Argon2id passwords, parameterized queries (98% SQL injection reduction), OAuth 2.1 + PKCE, rate limiting, security headers

**Performance:** Redis caching (90% DB load reduction), database indexing (30% I/O reduction), CDN (50%+ latency cut), connection pooling

**Testing:** 70-20-10 pyramid (unit-integration-E2E), Vitest 50% faster than Jest, contract testing for microservices, 83% migrations fail without tests

**DevOps:** Blue-green/canary deployments, feature flags (90% fewer failures), Kubernetes 84% adoption, Prometheus/Grafana monitoring, OpenTelemetry tracing

## Quick Decision Matrix

| Need | Choose |
|------|--------|
| Fast development | Node.js + NestJS |
| Data/ML integration | Python + FastAPI |
| High concurrency | Go + Gin |
| Max performance | Rust + Axum |
| ACID transactions | PostgreSQL |
| Flexible schema | MongoDB |
| Caching | Redis |
| Internal services | gRPC |
| Public APIs | GraphQL/REST |
| Real-time events | Kafka |

## Implementation Checklist

**API:** Choose style → Design schema → Validate input → Add auth → Rate limiting → Documentation → Error handling

**Database:** Choose DB → Des